Jade

Jade is the term applied to gem quality forms of the minerals Jadeite and Nephrite. Both minerals are similar in appearance and have the same gem use, so a distinction is not usually made between the two types of Jade.
In order for the Jadeite and Nephrite to be gem quality, they must be composed of tough, interlocking fibers; this creates a material suitable for carving. The most common color of Jade is light green, but it occurs in dozens of other colors. The most valuable form of Jade, known as "Imperial Jade", is emerald-green in color. Mottled green and white Jade is another popular color habit of Jade. Rarer colors of Jade are yellow, pink, purple, and black.
The finest quality Jade is from Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). This Jade is exported to China, where it is carved into gems and figures. This Jade is known as "Chinese Jade", to distinguish it from all other Jade. Chinese Jade has a higher market value than Jade from other locations.
"Mexican Jade" is Jade from the large deposits in Guatemala and Mexico. This Jade was also mined since the earliest of times, but does not have such a rich history as the Chinese Jade. Jade carving in Central and South America came to an end at the time of Spanish conquest, but it continued to flourish in Asia.
"Russian Jade" is a leek-green variety found near Lake Baikal in Russia.
Cheap imitations of Jade are prevalent. The most famous is "Serpentine Jade", which is green Serpentine that can be carved. However, Jade is much harder and tougher than this imitation. Another imitation is Onyx Marble (a form of calcium carbonate) dyed green).

Jade is cut as cabochons and carved into ornamental sculptures and figures.